Antibody Screening and the Coombs Test

Background Currently, several tests exist in order to detect the presence of antibodies in the body fluids of a patient. … More

RBC Inclusions

Introduction The inclusion bodies in red blood cells are almost always indicative of some sort of underlying pathology, and thus … More

High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA)

Overview Differentiation of metabolic acidosis aids in the determination of the etiology and appropriate treatment. Metabolic acidosis is categorized into high … More

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia : 21-hydroxylase deficiency

Overview Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive disorder, caused by the deficiency of one of the enzymes required for the … More

Glucagon Regulation

SOURCE a cells in the pancreatic islet cells EFFECTS Catabolic effects of glucagon: Glycogenolysis Gluconeogenesis Lipolysis Ketone production The major … More

Lung Cancer Overview

Lung Cancer Epidemiology Most common cause of cancer mortality in the US; average age at presentation is 60 years. Adenocarcinoma … More

Pneumonia Overview

Types Lobar may involve entire lobe or lung Bronchopneumonia patchy distribution involving ≥ 1 lobe involving bronchioles and alveoli Interstitial … More

Light’s Criteria for Effusions

The Light criteria serves as a good starting point in the separation of transudates from exudates. Transudate … More

Pulmonary Hypertension

Pulmonary HTN is pulmonic hypertension ≥ 25 mm Hg at rest. Results in arteriosclerosis, medial hypertrophy, intimal fibrosis of … More